By Luke Sholl

In recent years, vaporizing (vaping) has become very popular. Although research on vaping and its long-term health effects is ongoing, vaping is generally believed to be a safer and healthier alternative to smoking. As many people have already made the switch from cigarettes to vaping e-liquids, vaping is now also becoming popular among cannabis users. What is vaporizing, and how is it different from smoking? What are the benefits, and is it really that safe?


What is vaporizing?

The big difference between vaporizing and smoking is that vaporizing doesn’t burn your weed, but merely heats it to a certain temperature. The heat ultimately activates the cannabinoids and terpenes in cannabis, releasing them into a vapor that can then be inhaled. Since you’re not inhaling smoke as you would with a joint or spliff, vaporizing sustains some practical health advantages over smoking.

Let’s take a closer look at the benefits of vaping.

Banner Cannabis Vaporizers RQS

The benefits of vaporizing

  • It is (likely) healthier than smoking

While the word is still out on whether vaping is really 100% safe, it is widely thought to be much safer than smoking. The reason for this is that almost all of the harmful substances that you get from smoking are produced by the combustion process, no matter if you’re burning weed or tobacco. As vaping doesn’t combust your weed, there is no smoke, and therefore far fewer toxins and free radicals than what you inhale from your jay.

Tobacco smoke certainly contains high levels of carcinogens (chemicals that cause cancer), which is why it has amassed such infamy over the years. But unfortunately, it’s likely that the smoke from cannabis might also contain these compounds, albeit potentially in smaller amounts. Moreover, smoke is known to contain tar and cause issues in the lungs, making this method of cannabis intake extremely unsuitable for those with conditions related to lung health. In a study performed on marijuana smoking, the American Lung Association found that weed smoke may release even more tar[1] into the body as compared to tobacco smoking. This primarily comes down to the fact that cannabis smokers normally inhale deeper and longer than cigarette smokers.

By switching to vaping, your lungs are immediately at a much lower threat of adverse outcomes. A 2007 study published in the Harm Reduction Journal found that vaporizing cannabis can reduce respiratory problems[2] that can otherwise be caused by smoking marijuana.

The health risks associated with smoking are enough in themselves to convince many individuals to switch to vaping. But aside from the long-term outcomes, many simply find vaping to be a smoother, less dirty, and more enjoyable experience for the body in the short-term. Just make sure you regularly clean your vape.

It is (likely) healthier than smoking

  • Vaping is more efficient and maximises potency, bioavailability

The active compounds in cannabis are very sensitive. By administering cannabinoids, terpenes, etc. into the body via smoke, you burn off more than half of these compounds before you even take a full puff from your joint. You lose another 15–20% of the good stuff as your bud burns between draws. This makes smoking cannabis extremely inefficient.

Since the temperatures involved with vaporizing are much lower, and often much more specific, the active compounds are not only preserved, but utilised to their full potential. As a result, your cannabis vapor will be purer and more potent—and you will not be wasting as much of your bud. Hence, vaping will also help save you money over time.

Vaping is more efficient and maximises potency, bioavailability
  • You can enjoy more flavours

In addition to the cannabinoids that give weed its potency, cannabis also contains aromatic compounds called terpenes that give it its flavour. These compounds are also very volatile and sensitive to heat, so excessive temperatures during combustion can swiftly destroy them. On the contrary, vaping can actually help optimise the experience of individual terpenes. What’s interesting to know is that some terpenes have different boiling points, so they are released into vapor at certain, lower temperatures.

For example, beta-caryophyllene, a terpene with a spicy and peppery aroma, is released at low temperatures of around 118°C—and it doesn’t like to go much higher than that. Then there are other terpenes, such as linalool, that can withstand higher temperatures.

When vaping, you can normally adjust the temperature of your device to some degree, allowing you to fine-tune the experience. This way, you can enjoy the full range of flavour and aroma nuances that you cannot get when smoking cannabis.

You can enjoy more flavours

  • You can customise your high

In the same way you can influence the flavour of your weed with different temperature settings, you can also adjust the intensity of your high. More of the cannabinoids in your weed are released when you vape at higher temperatures, making for a more potent and faster-hitting effect. If you want a mellow high, set your vaporizer to a low temperature of about 150°C. For a somewhat stronger effect, adjust the temperature to a medium temperature of 166–187°C. If you want maximum potency out of your weed, set your vape to the highest temperature setting. However, you should not go over 229°C since this is already near combustion temperature, where the potency and flavour of your weed will diminish.

You can customise your high
  • Why temperatures matter when vaporizing cannabis

A scientific study from 2009 looked closer into the effects of vaporizing at different temperatures. For the study[3], researchers vaped cannabis at three different temperatures: 170°C, 200°C, and 230°C, measuring the cannabinoid-to-byproduct ratio (in other words the purity) of vapor at these temperatures.

It was found that even at higher temperature settings, the vapor contained significantly fewer harmful toxins than smoke. The study also found that most of the therapeutic cannabinoids, such as cannabichromene (CBC), are released into vapor just below the combustion temperature of 232°C.

On the other hand, your own personal preferences may vary. If you want the most flavour, or if you prefer a less strong high, you may choose to vape at lower temperatures instead. So if you want to start vaping, make sure that you choose a vaporizer that allows temperature adjustment. This way, you can take full advantage of all of the benefits that vaporizing can offer you.

Vape High vs Smoke High

Besides offering a cleaner, healthier smoke, another reason vaporizers have become so popular recently is because of the notably different high they produce. And, while every person’s experience with cannabis is unique, most people who have tried vaping agree that it produces a “clearer high” than smoking cannabis from a pipe or joint.

Given our own personal experiences, and those of other cannabis users, here are some of the biggest differences between the highs of vaporized and smoked cannabis:

Vape High

  • Less cognitively impairing.
  • More functional: A lot of people report they have an easier time focusing on tasks or staying productive after vaping cannabis when compared to smoking.
  • More uplifting: Some people find that vaporizer highs tend to be more uplifting and energetic.
Vape High

Smoke High

  • More cognitively impairing: Some people find that smoking cannabis gives them more “brain fog” than vaporizing.
Smoke High
  • More relaxing or sleepy stone: You may find that smoking cannabis produces a more relaxed, couch-locking high.

Keep in mind that the biggest impact on your high is the chemical profile of the strain you’re consuming. However, the fact that vaporizing doesn’t combust your concentrates or flower suggests it might produce a cleaner, clearer high.

What research says about vaporizing cannabis

Fortunately, cannabis consumption isn’t much of a taboo subject anymore. Many individuals now consume cannabis for strictly medical purposes, and even recreational use is more often tolerated, if not entirely legal. This slow but sure relaxation of cannabis laws not only benefits the end consumer, but opens up research opportunities in the field, not to mention a lucrative industry. With the obvious advantages of vaping over smoking, science is honing in on the specific outcomes of vaporizing cannabis as a method of consumption for medicinal users.

In a 2015 study[4], 2,910 cannabis users of different ages (18–90) were asked about cannabis use and vaporizing. 61% of participants in the study reported having used a vaporizer at some point in their lives, 37% reported vaping in the past 30 days, while 20% reported vaping more than 100 days in their lifetime. 12% endorsed vaping as their preferred method. The study found that those who vaped reported it to be “healthier, better tasting, produced better effects, and more satisfying”. On the other hand, only a small percentage (14%) of cannabis vapers stopped smoking altogether.

A 2016 study[5] sought to examine intake preferences in cancer patients using cannabis to alleviate symptoms. They found vaporizing to be the third most preferred method of consumption, after tablets and mouth sprays. Another 2015[6] study measured blood levels and confirmed previous studies about the effectiveness of vaporizing as a delivery route for THC.

Vaporizers and Safety: Are Vaporizers Safe?

In 2019, vaping became a massive public health concern. Between August and September, the US saw a sudden increase in hospitalisations related to the use of e-cigarettes and vaporizers. By February 2020[7], the US Centres for Disease Control reported around 2,800 hospitalisations and/or deaths related to E-cigarette or Vaping Associated Lung Injury (EVALI).

According to Dr Lynn D’Andrea, a pediatric pulmonologist at the Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, some of the most alarming symptoms of vaporizer-related lung injury[8] include extremely fast, laboured breathing, weight loss, chest pain, and coughing. CT scans of patients' lungs also often showed a strange, diffused “ground glass” pattern.

The biggest culprit behind 2019’s EVALI outbreak is believed to be vitamin E acetate, a thickening agent sometimes used in the production of THC vape cartridges and “vape juice”, especially those obtained from “informal sources” like online dealers. The CDC found[9] vitamin E acetate present in over 50% of samples of e-cigarettes/vape liquids tested from different states, as well as lung fluid samples from people with EVALI.

Vaporizers and Safety: Are Vaporizers Safe?

Luckily, according to national data, EVALI cases have shown a steady decline since mid-September 2019. The CDC suggests a number of reasons why:

  • Increased awareness of the potential dangers related to vaping
  • Law enforcement targeting the sale of illicit vape products
  • The removal of vitamin E acetate from vape products

Of course, the EVALI outbreak sent up a ton of red flags around the safety of vaping, and for good reason. It’s also sparked a lot of debate around whether vaping is really as safe of a smoking alternative as it's made out to be.

In general, we’re firm believers that vaporizing cannabis can be a healthier alternative to smoking. However, we also acknowledge that vaping is fairly new; it took decades for science to clearly identify the health effects of smoking, and vaping is still in its early days.

We also believe that it might be safer to vaporize cannabis flower rather than concentrates or e-liquids, as these products may contain trace amounts of chemical solvents or other products that could be harmful when heated and inhaled. However, we won’t know any of this for sure until more comprehensive research is done on vaping.

Other Potential Health Risks of Vaping

Besides EVALI, there are other health concerns about vaping. The US Food and Drug Administration, for example, has raised concerns about e-cigarettes exploding due to battery issues. These explosions have caused severe injuries[10] and even proven fatal[11]. Research in the journal Tobacco Control[12] reports over 2,000 ER visits due to e-cigarette explosion and burn injuries between 2015 and 2017.

Besides these explosions, the FDA has also investigated a possible link between vaping and seizures[13], possibly due to nicotine poisoning (which has been shown to cause seizures in the past). However, there’s not a lot of data on this topic, and it’ll be some time before we can confidently say whether or not there’s a link between vaping/e-cigarettes and seizures.

What About Vaping CBD?

The EVALI crisis seems to be caused by vitamin E acetate, which the CDC suggests to be more present in cannabis vape products containing THC. However, this doesn’t rule out the possibility of finding vitamin E acetate in other vape products, including nicotine vape juice or CBD cartridges.

What About Vaping CBD?

Vaping CBD Flower vs CBD Concentrates

If you’re worried about the health risks of vaping mentioned in this article, we always recommend vaping flower over concentrates, especially if you live in an area where vape products aren’t heavily regulated. Cannabis oils and vape juices are manufactured using solvents and other compounds, and while there are plenty of great manufacturers producing clean products, subpar products may contain trace compounds that pose potential health risks.

If you do want to vape CBD concentrates, make sure you only use products that come with the guarantee of a company/manufacturer you trust.

Types of CBD Vape Oil: Vape Juice/Oil vs Dabs vs Cartridges

There are three main types of CBD vape oil currently on the market:

  • Vape oil (or vape “juice”): This liquid is used to fill cartridges or refillable vaporizers. Vape juice comes in different flavours and contains varying amounts of CBD.
  • CBD cartridges: These are pre-filled, single-use devices designed to be used with vape pens. Depending on where you live, you might have access to a wide variety of CBD cartridges with unique terpene profiles, cannabinoid contents, and more.
  • CBD extracts (dabs): Shatter, wax, and crumble are just some of the names given to CBD extracts. These products are made by extracting CBD and other cannabinoids from different types of cannabis plants. These products are designed to be used with concentrate-friendly vaporizers or dab rigs.

What About Full-Spectrum, Broad-Spectrum, and CBD Isolate?

CBD products are usually categorised as full-spectrum, broad-spectrum, or isolate. Here’s what these terms mean:

  • Full-spectrum CBD extracts contain all of the crucial compounds that occur naturally in the cannabis plant. This includes other cannabinoids (including trace amounts of THC), terpenes, and more.
  • Broad-spectrum CBD products are the same as full-spectrum, save for one major difference—broad-spectrum extracts are completely stripped of any and all THC.
  • CBD isolates, as the name suggests, contain just isolated CBD, making this the purest type of extract.

In general, we always recommend full-spectrum products as they provide all the benefits the cannabis plant has to offer. However, if you’re susceptible to random drug tests, you may want to look into broad-spectrum or isolate products to avoid a positive reading. Unfortunately, even trace amounts of THC can, in some cases, set off a drug test.

What’s the Difference Between CBD Vape Juice and CBD Oil/Tinctures?

CBD vape juice is designed to be vaporized and inhaled into the lungs. Here, the active compounds enter the bloodstream via the alveoli and take effect in as little as 5–10 minutes. However, the effects of vaporized CBD also tend to wear off relatively fast.

CBD oils/tinctures, on the other hand, are designed to be taken sublingually or orally. Here, the compounds in the oil are absorbed by the mucous membranes under the tongue and in the cheek, or by the digestive system (if you swallow the oil). CBD oils tend to take effect within 20 minutes (even longer if swallowed). However, swallowed CBD also has a slower, more steady release that can be very beneficial for those seeking longer-lasting effects.

Unfortunately, studies have shown that the bioavailability of orally administered CBD[14] is relatively poor, meaning you may need to take more of an oral tincture to achieve a desired effect than you would with vape juice. That being said, bioavailability is not the only factor influencing the effectiveness of CBD.

It’s important to note that CBD oil meant for sublingual or oral consumption is most often not suitable for vaporizing. The carrier oils present in these formulas are not meant to be heated and inhaled.

Vaporizing vs. Smoking cannabis: the bottom line

At Royal Queen Seeds, you can find a range of vaporizers for all budgets, from easy-to-use and affordable vape pens, such as the Storm Vaporizer Pen, to advanced, high-end desktop vaporizers like the renowned Volcano Hybrid.

Consider vaporizing cannabis if you want the healthiest, purest, most flavourful, and most potent cannabis experience!

External Resources:
  1. Marijuana and Lung Health | American Lung Association https://www.lung.org
  2. Decreased respiratory symptoms in cannabis users who vaporize | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com
  3. Cannabis smoke condensate III: the cannabinoid content of vaporised Cannabis sativa - PubMed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  4. Online Survey Characterizing Vaporizer Use among Cannabis Users https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  5. Clinical trials of medicinal cannabis for appetite-related symptoms from advanced cancer: a survey of preferences, attitudes and beliefs among patients willing to consider participation - PubMed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  6. Controlled Cannabis Vaporizer Administration: Blood and Plasma Cannabinoids with and without Alcohol - PubMed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  7. Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with the Use of E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Products | Electronic Cigarettes | Smoking & Tobacco Use | CDC https://www.cdc.gov
  8. How Vaping Became a Public Health Crisis https://nymag.com
  9. Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with the Use of E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Products | Electronic Cigarettes | Smoking & Tobacco Use | CDC https://www.cdc.gov
  10. Vape pen explodes, shattering teen's jaw amid rising concerns over batteries https://www.nbcnews.com
  11. Deadly vape explosion highlights safety gaps - The Verge https://www.theverge.com
  12. Electronic cigarette explosion and burn injuries, US Emergency Departments 2015–2017 https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com
  13. Some E-cigarette Users Are Having Seizures, Most Reports Involving Youth and Young Adults | FDA https://www.fda.gov
  14. What is CBD Bioavailability (and Why Should You Care?) | CBD Awareness Project https://www.cbdoil.org
Disclaimer:
This content is for educational purposes only. The information provided is derived from research gathered from external sources.

Cookies settings

We are requesting your permission to use your data for the reasons stated below:

Functional cookies

Functional cookies help our website to function optimally and allow us to personalise certain features.

Preference cookies

Preference cookies allow us to remember information that influences the way our website looks, including your preferred language based on your region.

Analytical cookies

Analytical cookies give us insights into website traffic and customer behaviour, including how many people visit our site, how long they browse for, and which parts of our site they visit.

What are cookies?

Cookies are small pieces of data from a particular website that get stored on a user’s computer while they’re surfing the internet. Cookies have several different functions. Some of them track browser activity that enables businesses to deliver targeted advertisements. Other cookies serve to remember user login details to different websites to make jumping on social media, or other sites, a more fluid process. Because each cookie has its own unique ID, these pieces of data allow website owners to measure the unique traffic coming into their site.

Why do we use cookies?

Cookies come in handy when you visit our website. They ensure you stay logged in, that you can shop safely, and that the items you add to your cart stay there before you make a purchase. But cookies also help us. The data they provide allow us to improve our website and enable us to present you with targeted advertisements that are compatible with your interests.

What kind of cookies do we use?

Functional cookies

Functional cookies help our website to function optimally and allow us to personalise certain features.

Preference cookies

Preference cookies allow us to remember information that influences the way our website looks, including your preferred language based on your region.

Analytical cookies

Analytical cookies give us insights into website traffic and customer behaviour, including how many people visit our site, how long they browse for, and which parts of our site they visit.

How can I disable or delete cookies?

Not a fan of cookies? No worries. You can disable them (with the exception of necessary cookies) in your browser settings. However, blocking cookies may impact your browsing experience and prevent you from enjoying all of the technical features of our site.

Privacy Policy - Royal Queen Seeds

To ensure a safe online environment and guarantee adequate data protection, we strictly comply with all legal requirements. In this privacy statement, we provide information about how and for what purpose data is collected, safety measures, storage periods and contact details.


COMPANY NAME: SNORKEL SPAIN, SL (hereinafter ROYAL QUEEN SEEDS)

C/ Vilar d'Abdelà, 5 (nave 1) CP: 08170 de Montornès del Vallès

+34 937 379 846

support@royalqueenseeds.com


The present Privacy Policy sets out the terms on which we will treat personal data at ROYAL QUEEN SEEDS; this includes any personal data collected through our website https://www.royalqueenseeds.com/ as well as any other data we process in the course of our business activities.

ROYAL QUEEN SEEDS collects the following personal data for the purposes listed below:

SECTION 1 – PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT

1.1 Account purchases

Account purchases can only be made if you are in possession of a personal account. When you create an account or purchase something from our shop, as part of the buying and selling process we collect the following personal information that you provide to us:

This information is required for delivery. In addition, when you browse our shop, we automatically receive the Internet Protocol (IP) address of your computer. Based on this information, we can optimise your online experience and at the same time protect our online environment.

Purpose of data collection

We collect and store account-related data for the following purposes:

(a) to carry out obligations arising from any contracts between you and us, and to provide you with information, products and services that you may request from us;

(b) to set up, manage and communicate with you about your account and your orders;

(c) to conduct market research and analysis;

(d) to confirm your age and identity, and to detect and prevent fraud.

1.2 Newsletters

With your explicit permission, we may send you newsletters about our shop, new products and other updates. We send newsletters based on your explicit consent. In the event that you purchase a product, and in accordance with current regulations, we may send you commercial communications in accordance with the legitimate interest of our company, always about products or services similar to those you have purchased or contracted. In any case, you may exercise your right of opposition through the channels announced in this Privacy Policy. The following information is collected in relation to the newsletter:

We do not need to know the sex of the person in order to send the newsletter (data minimisation: by law we must ask for data that is strictly necessary to provide the service, and in this case knowing the sex is not necessary to send the newsletter).

Purpose of data collection

The data collected is used to:

(a) personalise our emails, including your name and gender;

(b) provide gender-specific content.

You can withdraw your consent at any time by using the link provided in the newsletter or the contact information provided in section 2.

1.3 Customer service and contact form

In order to provide appropriate support, our customer service employees have access to information related to the account. Consequently, their support will be highly effective and friendly. The data provided in our contact form is used by our CRM provider, SuperOffice. We will only use your details to respond to your message.

SECTION 2 – LEGITIMATE INTEREST

If you have purchased any of our products, please note that we may process your personal data for promotional purposes, based on Royal Queen Seeds' legitimate interest only to offer you products or services from our company and about products or services similar to those you have purchased. You may exercise your right to opt out of future messages by the means set out in this Privacy Policy or through any notification you receive.

2.1 How do you withdraw consent?

If you change your mind, you can withdraw your consent for us to contact you for the purpose of collecting, using, or disclosing your data at any time by reaching out to us at: support@royalqueenseeds.com.

SECTION 3 – DISCLOSURE

We may disclose your personal information if we are required to do so by law or if you breach our Terms of Service.

SECTION 4 – HOW LONG DO WE KEEP YOUR DATA?

At Royal Queen Seeds, we will not retain your data for longer than is necessary for the purposes described in this Policy. Different retention periods apply for different types of data; however, the longest period we will normally hold any personal data is 10 years.

4.1 Account information

Data relating to the account remains relevant for as long as the consumer is in possession of an account. Therefore, the data remains documented for as long as the account exists. When our customers delete an account, the associated data will be deleted within a reasonable period of time. Requests regarding the inspection or correction of stored personal data or the deletion of an account can be sent to support@royalqueenseeds.com.

4.2 Newsletters

In the event that you give us your consent to inform you about our products or services, we will keep your data until you express your wish not to receive any further communications from us. However, we regularly (every month) carry out a relevance check. Registered customers (and their personal information) will be deleted whenever customers do not reply to our request. In addition, our newsletter mailing has an opt-out feature. Consumers can withdraw their consent by using this opt-out feature.

SECTION 5 – COOKIES

Cookies are small information files that notify your computer of previous interactions with our website. These cookies are stored on your hard drive, not on our website. Essentially, when you use our website, your computer displays its cookies to us, informing our site that you have visited before. This allows our website to function more quickly and remember aspects related to your previous visits (such as your username), making your experience more convenient. At Royal Queen Seeds, we use two types of cookies: functional and analytical.

5.1 Functional Cookies

Functional cookies are used to enhance your online experience. Among other things, these cookies track what is added to your shopping cart. The use of these cookies does not require prior authorization.

5.2 Analytical Cookies

Analytical cookies are used for research and market analysis. The data collected with these analytical cookies is anonymous, making it unusable for third parties. The use of these cookies does not require prior authorization.

SECTION 5 – THIRD-PARTY SERVICES

Third-party services are required to conduct transactions and provide our services. In general, the third-party providers we use will only collect, use and disclose your information to the extent necessary to enable them to perform the services they provide to us.

However, certain third-party service providers, such as payment gateways and other payment transaction processors, have their own privacy policies regarding the information we must provide to them for your transactions.

We encourage you to read the privacy policies of these providers so that you can understand how these providers will handle your personal information.

In particular, certain suppliers may be located or have facilities located in a different jurisdiction than yours or ours. Therefore, if you choose to proceed with a transaction involving the services of a third party, your information may be subject to the laws of the jurisdiction in which that service provider or its facilities are located.

Once you leave our website or are redirected to a third-party website or application, you are no longer governed by this Privacy Policy or the Terms of Service of our website.

Web analytics service (anonymous data)

On this website we have integrated an element of a web analytics service (with anonymisation functionality). Web analytics can be defined as the gathering, processing and analysis of data about the behaviour of visitors to websites. An analytics service collects, among other things, data about which website a person came from (the so-called referrer), which sub-pages they visited or how often and for how long they visited a sub-page. Web analytics is mainly used for website optimisation and for a cost–benefit analysis of internet advertising.

Courier service

To complete deliveries we use a courier service. This courier service carries out the delivery between our company and the consumer's home. To complete these logistics, the company requires access to the consumer's name and address information.

Mailing service

Royal Queen Seeds uses a third-party mail service provider to send its newsletter. This provider has access to limited account information related to opt-in consent (e.g. email address).

Marketing services

Royal Queen Seeds has the support of a company that specialises in marketing and communication activities. Their access to personal information is very limited and mostly anonymous.

Payment services

At Royal Queen Seeds we use external payment services to handle our transactions (e.g. credit card payments).

SECTION 6 – SECURITY

To protect your personal information, we take reasonable precautions and follow industry standard best practices to ensure that it is not inappropriately lost, misused, accessed, disclosed, altered or destroyed.

If you provide us with your credit card information, the information is encrypted using secure socket layer technology (SSL) and stored using AES-256 encryption. Although no method of transmission over the internet or electronic storage is 100% secure, we follow all PCI-DSS requirements and implement additional industry standards that are commonly accepted. Information related to the account is protected with a hashing method. This method transforms the information into a generated hash. As a result, confidential information is protected and invisible, even to us. In addition, our databases are exceptionally protected against unauthorised access. For example, access to the database is only possible and permitted via approved IP addresses (e.g. from Royal Queen Seeds headquarters). Other attempts and addresses are rejected at all times.

Furthermore, data is anonymised as much as possible, so it cannot be directly linked to a specific consumer. With this data, however, we may be able to carry out market research and analysis. In addition, the third parties concerned (e.g. mailing service) are examined prior to our collaboration, comply with the GDPR from the EU and receive a processing agreement. Within Royal Queen Seeds, employees are assigned different access permissions. Specific permission provides access only to information that is strictly required to perform a task. Digital security measures are subject to change and must meet high requirements to ensure the safety of online customers. That is why, at Royal Queen Seeds, we appoint a security officer. Regular verification and improvement of security measures (where necessary) are part of the role.

SECTION 7 – CHANGES TO THIS PRIVACY POLICY

We reserve the right to modify this Privacy Policy at any time, so please check back regularly. Changes and clarifications will be effective immediately upon being published on the Website. If we make substantial changes to this policy, we will notify you here that it has been updated so you will know what information we collect, how we use it and under what circumstances, if any, we use and/or disclose it.

SECTION 8 – YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO: