By Steven Voser

THC and CBD have stolen the spotlight of the cannabis conversation. This ancient plant contains hundreds of compounds, many of which can interact in unique ways to deliver endless benefits. In this article, we’ll take a close look at cannabidivarin, or CBDV, one highly underestimated cannabinoid with a ton of potential.


What Is CBDV?

CBDV is one of over 100 cannabinoids produced by the cannabis plant. Like other “secondary” cannabinoids, CBDV is usually found in lower concentrations than THC and CBD, and typically tends to be more present in low-THC cannabis varieties, such as hemp.

CBDV is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid, meaning it doesn’t produce the euphoric high or sleepy stone we typically associate with cannabis varieties rich in THC. CBD is a homolog to CBDV, and both compounds share very similar chemical structures and mechanisms of action, which we will look at in more detail below.

How Does CBDV Work?

Like with many cannabinoids, there’s still a lot we do not know about CBDV and its mechanisms of action. However, preliminary trials on this cannabinoid give us at least some idea of how it might act on the human body.

Like its cannabinoid cousin (CBD), CBDV doesn’t show a high affinity for cannabinoid receptors CB1 or CB2. This is one of the main reasons it does not produce the intoxicating effects typically associated with cannabis.

Studies suggest that, like CBD, cannabidivarin might act on other chemical pathways and interact with the human endocannabinoid system in a much more indirect fashion. For example, clinical trials[1] investigating CBDV’s efficacy in treating convulsions and epilepsy symptoms suggest that CBDV both activates and desensitises TRPV1 receptors (also known as capsaicin receptors), which play a key role in our ability to sense pain and perceive temperature. Other studies show that CBDV may act on TRPV2 and TRPA1 receptors.

All of these receptors fall under the category of transient receptor potential channels[2]. These channels are embedded into the cell membrane and, when activated, open to allow ions (such as sodium, for example) to flow into a cell.

Research also suggests that CBDV may interfere with the activity of diacylglycerol lipase, one of the key enzymes involved in the synthesis of 2-AG, an endocannabinoid naturally produced by the body. How CBDV does this, however, isn’t entirely clear.

Royal CBDV Automatic
23_genetic background_1 Solomatic x Durban Poison
33_Yield indoors_1 13 to 16 oz/m²
31_plant height outdoor_1 2 to 3 feet
25_flowering time_1 5 - 6 Weeks
29_THC_1 THC: 0,3%
28_Type Blend_1 Sativa 75%, Indica 20%, Ruderalis 5%
34_yield outdoor_1 4 to 5 oz/plant
32_plant height outdoors_1 3 feet
27_harvest period_1 8 - 9 weeks after sprouting
22_Effect_1 Clear, Physically Relaxing

Buy Royal CBDV Automatic

What Does CBDV Do?

CBDV has been the focus of a variety of different trials and studies. Unfortunately, however, we still know even less about this cannabinoid, its mechanisms of action, and its therapeutic potential than we do about CBD.

Below, we’ll take you through some of the research on CBDV, and examine what this tells us about its function and potential. Keep in mind, however, that all of these results are preliminary.

  • CBDV and Epilepsy

In 2013, the British Journal of Pharmacology published a study[3] examining the effects of CBDV on rats and mice. The animals were given cannabis plant-derived extracts (in various doses) that were rich in CBDV and also contained CBD, as well as pure forms of both cannabinoids. The researchers also used an isobologram analysis to determine how the two cannabinoids interact, and to get a better understanding of their individual effects on the body.

The rats and mice were then made to have seizures using pentylenetetrazole (a circulatory and respiratory stimulant), pilocarpine, and an audiogenic seizure model (in which the animals are placed in an isolated chamber and exposed to an acoustic stimulus that evokes a seizure). The researchers used this to determine the anticonvulsant potential of CBDV-rich extracts, and the results from the isobologram analysis showed that the cannabinoid delivered its effects without acting on CB1 receptors.

In 2014, the ACS Chemical Neuroscience journal also published a study[4] examining the anticonvulsant potential of CBDV. This study concluded that CBDV’s effects were delivered via TRP channels (as described earlier).

  • CBDV and Autism

Given CBDV’s potential in modulating the excitatory and inhibitory systems in the brain, some studies have looked into its therapeutic potential in addressing the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.

In 2019[5], the journal of Translational Psychiatry took this premise and put it to the test by seeing if CBDV could affect glutamate and GAMA metabolites (markers of the brain’s inhibitory or excitatory systems) both in healthy individuals and patients with autism spectrum disorder. The study followed a double-blind, randomised-order, cross-over design, and used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure the glutamate and GABA+ levels in the brains of 34 male participants (17 with autism and 17 without) following treatment with a placebo and a single dose of 600mg of CBDV.

The study’s researchers claim that CBDV did have an effect on glutamate levels in the brains of both groups of participants. Unfortunately, its effects were not uniform across all individuals, and the authors concluded that further studies were needed to properly determine CBDV’s potential as a treatment for the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.

  • CBDV and Nausea

Many people report using cannabis when experiencing an upset stomach, nausea, or vomiting. Hence, there’s been a growing interest in testing how cannabinoids might interact with our body’s natural nausea response.

In 2013, the British Journal of Pharmacology published a comparative study[6] examining CBDV’s antiemetic potential in animal models of nausea. The authors of the study first used two inverse agonists of the CB1 receptor to induce nausea in lab rats. They then ran two experiments to see whether CBDV and THCV either induced nausea or reduced it. Ultimately, the study claims that neither THCV nor CBDV worked as CB1 reverse agonists, and as a result appeared to reduce markers associated with upset stomach in the test subjects.

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  • CBDV and Rett Syndrome

Rett syndrome is a rare genetic mutation that mainly impacts women, affecting the development of their brains. The condition is characterised by profound disabilities that can affect a person’s ability to speak, coordinate their body, grow and develop properly, and more.

Since the endocannabinoid system mediates many of the biological functions that are impaired by Rett syndrome, researchers decided to test the effectiveness of cannabinoids in the treatment of this condition. In particular, a 2018 study[7] published in the journal Neuropharmacology examined the effects of CBDV on an animal model of Rett syndrome. After 14 days of treatment with CBDV, researchers noted a general improvement in the health status of the mice, as well as improvements in behavioural impairment and slowed brain atrophy.

Note: While the above research is exciting and interesting, it’s far from enough to draw any concrete conclusions about CBDV and its potential health benefits. Remember, we know far less about this compound than we do about other cannabinoids, and a lot more research is needed to better understand its full scope of effects.

Does CBDV Have Any Side Effects?

CBDV hasn’t been shown to produce any side effects. However, that doesn't mean it is necessarily devoid of any adverse outcomes. We simply need more research to determine this cannabinoid’s safety profile.

What's the Difference Between CBD and CBDV?

Many people confuse CBD and CBDV, but remember that cannabidiol and cannabidivarin are separate chemical compounds. While they share many similarities (like coming from the same plant and having an almost identical chemical structure), they are still distinct, each with unique properties and effects.

Also remember that CBD and CBDV appear to have similar mechanisms of action in the body and, when taken in conjunction, may have a stronger effect than if taken in isolation.

Which Cannabis Strains Have High CBDV Content?

Some preliminary research suggests that CBDV is more present in indica cannabis strains, especially those native to India, Nepal, Pakistan, and other parts of the Indian subcontinent. However, there isn’t any real proof that this is true.

Instead, we recommend sourcing CBDV from strains such as CBDV Automatic from RQS. This cultivar has been bred specifically to display high levels of both CBD and CBDV, making it a good option for those looking to enjoy the non-psychotropic benefits both cannabinoids have to offer.

External Resources:
  1. Nonpsychotropic plant cannabinoids, cannabidivarin (CBDV) and cannabidiol (CBD), activate and desensitize transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels in vitro: potential for the treatment of neuronal hyperexcitability - PubMed https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  2. Cannabidivarin-rich cannabis extracts are anticonvulsant in mouse and rat via a CB1 receptor-independent mechanism - PubMed https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  3. Cannabidivarin-rich cannabis extracts are anticonvulsant in mouse and rat via a CB1 receptor-independent mechanism - PubMed https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  4. Nonpsychotropic plant cannabinoids, cannabidivarin (CBDV) and cannabidiol (CBD), activate and desensitize transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels in vitro: potential for the treatment of neuronal hyperexcitability - PubMed https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  5. Effects of cannabidivarin (CBDV) on brain excitation and inhibition systems in adults with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): a single dose trial during magnetic resonance spectroscopy https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  6. Evaluation of the potential of the phytocannabinoids, cannabidivarin (CBDV) and Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), to produce CB1 receptor inverse agonism symptoms of nausea in rats - PubMed https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  7. Chronic treatment with the phytocannabinoid Cannabidivarin (CBDV) rescues behavioural alterations and brain atrophy in a mouse model of Rett syndrome - PubMed https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Disclaimer:
This content is for educational purposes only. The information provided is derived from research gathered from external sources.

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Privacy Policy - Royal Queen Seeds

To ensure a safe online environment and guarantee adequate data protection, we strictly comply with all legal requirements. In this privacy statement, we provide information about how and for what purpose data is collected, safety measures, storage periods and contact details.


COMPANY NAME: SNORKEL SPAIN, SL (hereinafter ROYAL QUEEN SEEDS)

C/ Vilar d'Abdelà, 5 (nave 1) CP: 08170 de Montornès del Vallès

+34 937 379 846

support@royalqueenseeds.com


The present Privacy Policy sets out the terms on which we will treat personal data at ROYAL QUEEN SEEDS; this includes any personal data collected through our website https://www.royalqueenseeds.com/ as well as any other data we process in the course of our business activities.

ROYAL QUEEN SEEDS collects the following personal data for the purposes listed below:

SECTION 1 – PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT

1.1 Account purchases

Account purchases can only be made if you are in possession of a personal account. When you create an account or purchase something from our shop, as part of the buying and selling process we collect the following personal information that you provide to us:

This information is required for delivery. In addition, when you browse our shop, we automatically receive the Internet Protocol (IP) address of your computer. Based on this information, we can optimise your online experience and at the same time protect our online environment.

Purpose of data collection

We collect and store account-related data for the following purposes:

(a) to carry out obligations arising from any contracts between you and us, and to provide you with information, products and services that you may request from us;

(b) to set up, manage and communicate with you about your account and your orders;

(c) to conduct market research and analysis;

(d) to confirm your age and identity, and to detect and prevent fraud.

1.2 Newsletters

With your explicit permission, we may send you newsletters about our shop, new products and other updates. We send newsletters based on your explicit consent. In the event that you purchase a product, and in accordance with current regulations, we may send you commercial communications in accordance with the legitimate interest of our company, always about products or services similar to those you have purchased or contracted. In any case, you may exercise your right of opposition through the channels announced in this Privacy Policy. The following information is collected in relation to the newsletter:

We do not need to know the sex of the person in order to send the newsletter (data minimisation: by law we must ask for data that is strictly necessary to provide the service, and in this case knowing the sex is not necessary to send the newsletter).

Purpose of data collection

The data collected is used to:

(a) personalise our emails, including your name and gender;

(b) provide gender-specific content.

You can withdraw your consent at any time by using the link provided in the newsletter or the contact information provided in section 2.

1.3 Customer service and contact form

In order to provide appropriate support, our customer service employees have access to information related to the account. Consequently, their support will be highly effective and friendly. The data provided in our contact form is used by our CRM provider, SuperOffice. We will only use your details to respond to your message.

SECTION 2 – LEGITIMATE INTEREST

If you have purchased any of our products, please note that we may process your personal data for promotional purposes, based on Royal Queen Seeds' legitimate interest only to offer you products or services from our company and about products or services similar to those you have purchased. You may exercise your right to opt out of future messages by the means set out in this Privacy Policy or through any notification you receive.

2.1 How do you withdraw consent?

If you change your mind, you can withdraw your consent for us to contact you for the purpose of collecting, using, or disclosing your data at any time by reaching out to us at: support@royalqueenseeds.com.

SECTION 3 – DISCLOSURE

We may disclose your personal information if we are required to do so by law or if you breach our Terms of Service.

SECTION 4 – HOW LONG DO WE KEEP YOUR DATA?

At Royal Queen Seeds, we will not retain your data for longer than is necessary for the purposes described in this Policy. Different retention periods apply for different types of data; however, the longest period we will normally hold any personal data is 10 years.

4.1 Account information

Data relating to the account remains relevant for as long as the consumer is in possession of an account. Therefore, the data remains documented for as long as the account exists. When our customers delete an account, the associated data will be deleted within a reasonable period of time. Requests regarding the inspection or correction of stored personal data or the deletion of an account can be sent to support@royalqueenseeds.com.

4.2 Newsletters

In the event that you give us your consent to inform you about our products or services, we will keep your data until you express your wish not to receive any further communications from us. However, we regularly (every month) carry out a relevance check. Registered customers (and their personal information) will be deleted whenever customers do not reply to our request. In addition, our newsletter mailing has an opt-out feature. Consumers can withdraw their consent by using this opt-out feature.

SECTION 5 – COOKIES

Cookies are small information files that notify your computer of previous interactions with our website. These cookies are stored on your hard drive, not on our website. Essentially, when you use our website, your computer displays its cookies to us, informing our site that you have visited before. This allows our website to function more quickly and remember aspects related to your previous visits (such as your username), making your experience more convenient. At Royal Queen Seeds, we use two types of cookies: functional and analytical.

5.1 Functional Cookies

Functional cookies are used to enhance your online experience. Among other things, these cookies track what is added to your shopping cart. The use of these cookies does not require prior authorization.

5.2 Analytical Cookies

Analytical cookies are used for research and market analysis. The data collected with these analytical cookies is anonymous, making it unusable for third parties. The use of these cookies does not require prior authorization.

SECTION 5 – THIRD-PARTY SERVICES

Third-party services are required to conduct transactions and provide our services. In general, the third-party providers we use will only collect, use and disclose your information to the extent necessary to enable them to perform the services they provide to us.

However, certain third-party service providers, such as payment gateways and other payment transaction processors, have their own privacy policies regarding the information we must provide to them for your transactions.

We encourage you to read the privacy policies of these providers so that you can understand how these providers will handle your personal information.

In particular, certain suppliers may be located or have facilities located in a different jurisdiction than yours or ours. Therefore, if you choose to proceed with a transaction involving the services of a third party, your information may be subject to the laws of the jurisdiction in which that service provider or its facilities are located.

Once you leave our website or are redirected to a third-party website or application, you are no longer governed by this Privacy Policy or the Terms of Service of our website.

Web analytics service (anonymous data)

On this website we have integrated an element of a web analytics service (with anonymisation functionality). Web analytics can be defined as the gathering, processing and analysis of data about the behaviour of visitors to websites. An analytics service collects, among other things, data about which website a person came from (the so-called referrer), which sub-pages they visited or how often and for how long they visited a sub-page. Web analytics is mainly used for website optimisation and for a cost–benefit analysis of internet advertising.

Courier service

To complete deliveries we use a courier service. This courier service carries out the delivery between our company and the consumer's home. To complete these logistics, the company requires access to the consumer's name and address information.

Mailing service

Royal Queen Seeds uses a third-party mail service provider to send its newsletter. This provider has access to limited account information related to opt-in consent (e.g. email address).

Marketing services

Royal Queen Seeds has the support of a company that specialises in marketing and communication activities. Their access to personal information is very limited and mostly anonymous.

Payment services

At Royal Queen Seeds we use external payment services to handle our transactions (e.g. credit card payments).

SECTION 6 – SECURITY

To protect your personal information, we take reasonable precautions and follow industry standard best practices to ensure that it is not inappropriately lost, misused, accessed, disclosed, altered or destroyed.

If you provide us with your credit card information, the information is encrypted using secure socket layer technology (SSL) and stored using AES-256 encryption. Although no method of transmission over the internet or electronic storage is 100% secure, we follow all PCI-DSS requirements and implement additional industry standards that are commonly accepted. Information related to the account is protected with a hashing method. This method transforms the information into a generated hash. As a result, confidential information is protected and invisible, even to us. In addition, our databases are exceptionally protected against unauthorised access. For example, access to the database is only possible and permitted via approved IP addresses (e.g. from Royal Queen Seeds headquarters). Other attempts and addresses are rejected at all times.

Furthermore, data is anonymised as much as possible, so it cannot be directly linked to a specific consumer. With this data, however, we may be able to carry out market research and analysis. In addition, the third parties concerned (e.g. mailing service) are examined prior to our collaboration, comply with the GDPR from the EU and receive a processing agreement. Within Royal Queen Seeds, employees are assigned different access permissions. Specific permission provides access only to information that is strictly required to perform a task. Digital security measures are subject to change and must meet high requirements to ensure the safety of online customers. That is why, at Royal Queen Seeds, we appoint a security officer. Regular verification and improvement of security measures (where necessary) are part of the role.

SECTION 7 – CHANGES TO THIS PRIVACY POLICY

We reserve the right to modify this Privacy Policy at any time, so please check back regularly. Changes and clarifications will be effective immediately upon being published on the Website. If we make substantial changes to this policy, we will notify you here that it has been updated so you will know what information we collect, how we use it and under what circumstances, if any, we use and/or disclose it.

SECTION 8 – YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO: